Gray and White Geometric Designs for Baby Quilt
High-Contrast Enquiry >
Brain Evolution: Myelination >
What Practice Babies Encounter? >
Fixation >
Tracking >
Scanning >
High-Contrast Research
Babies' brains don't piece of work quite the aforementioned equally adults. In that location is then much going on in this new world that their brains can become completely overwhelmed. High contrast shapes and patterns provide the baby with something simple and engaging to focus on, and in this focus � or intense concentration � they tin can permit their minds to rest. High contrast shapes may appear odd or even a piffling boring to adults, but they are designed to hold babies' attending and the results from them is scenic.
Researchers take repeatedly shown that newborns prefer to look at black and white geometric shapes, rather than bright colors or pastels.
In the early 1960's, Dr. Robert Fantz, a developmental psychologist at Example Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, who believed that babies under two years of age could see well, designed a "peep box" that surrounded a infant sitting in an infant seat. He placed two objects directly in the baby'due south view: a patterned black and white checkerboard and a manifestly greyness card. Undetected, Dr. Fantz watched the babe through a little peephole and was able to make up one's mind that babies preferred the checkerboard to the non-patterned surface. Their eyes traveled consistently to the checkerboard.
Source: Fantz, R. "Maturation of Design Vision in Young Infants." Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, Vol. 55 (1962), p. 907.
Once this was known, other studies followed in rapid succession. Dr. T.Chiliad.R. Bower, the behaviorial scientist at the University of Edinburgh, well known for his studies in infant evolution, showed infants several dissimilar blackness and white shapes, every bit well as patently white, red, and yellow cards. Again, babies chose to expect at the black and white items.
Source: Bower, T.G.R., "A Primer of Infant Evolution. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Co., 1977, p. 9.
Dr. Phillip Salapatek, a child psychologist at the University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, designed an elaborate electronic tracking device to follow an infant's gaze. He learned that infants move their optics to the edge of a black triangle on a white groundwork rather than looking at the heart of the blackness or whiteness. It was and then understood that babies' eyes seek the border because it is there that the dissimilarity betwixt black and white is the greatest.
Source: Salapatek, P.H., Kessen, Due west., "Visual Scanning of Triangles by the Human Newborn.", Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, Vol. 3 (1966), pp. 155-67.
More contempo studies continue to show that babe vision capabilities include color vision for loftier contrast colors � with black, white, and red preferred � and contrast sensitivity for patterns with loftier contrast preferred.
Source: Dr. Craig, Ron, Edinboro Academy of Pennsylvania, "Infant Physical Development", 2006
Colors that provide the most contrast are the most appealing to babies. Blackness and white, of course, afford the greatest contrast. What's then terrific about contrast? It has to practice with the development of your newborn's optics. The rods and cones � structures of the retina that perceive color � have not matured enough for him to perceive the values and intensities of red, blue, pink, xanthous, purple, and dark-green. Blackness and white are the easiest for him to perceive and his interest in these starkly contrasting colors continues until he is six to nine month former.
Deborah Brateman, the former head nurse of the Neonatal Intensive Care Nursery at Walter Reed Infirmary in Washington, D.C., reported that flash cards incorporating black and white patterns increase the corporeality of time babies spend looking at their environment from an average of 4 to 5 minutes to up to 45 minutes after being fed.
Of all the geometric designs and shapes, babies seem most absorbed by circles. It is much easier for the newborn eye to brand a series of jumps around a circle'southward edge than to navigate around corners. Add to that the importance of dark and lite dissimilarity, and you tin empathize so entreatment for an infant of a female parent's night nipple on a lighter breast, the beginning circle that your newborn will gaze upon as he/she nurses after birth.
Source: Chaze, B.A., Ludington, S.Grand., "Babe Stimulation in the Intensive Care Nursery", American Journal of Nursing, Vol. 84, No. one, (Jan. 1984, pp. 68-71. Return to Meridian >
Brain Development: Myelination
One of the nigh significant events in postal service nativity brain development is "myelination". Newborns' brains contain very little myelin, the dense impermeable substance that covers the length of mature brain cells and is necessary for clear, efficient electrical manual. This lack of myelin is the main reason why babies and young children process data so much more slowly than adults.
Most areas of the encephalon begin calculation this critical insulation inside the starting time two years of life. Myelination of the cerebral cortex begins in the master motor and sensory areas—regions that receive the kickoff input from the eyes, ears, olfactory organ, skin, and oral fissure.
Source: Postnatal Brain Evolution, www.zerotothree.org
Return to Summit >
What Do Babies See?
When your newborn looks at the world he/she:
> sees clearly inside 13 inches from his face
> tin follow appealing objects and motility his eyes from ane object to another when they are held x to thirteen inches from his face
> looks at the edge of figures for dissimilarity between shape and groundwork
> can see and distinguish some colors
> tin discriminate amid shapes and cull 1 of his preference
> perceives depth and three-dimensional objects.
In a scientific experiment conducted to decide exactly what images were focused on newborns' retinas, information technology was discovered that infants actually could see sixteen stripes in a 1-inch foursquare without fuzziness.
Source: Fantz, R. "Maturation of Design Vision in Immature Infants." Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology, Vol. 55 (1962), pp. 907-17.
> At two months his eyes have matured to the point where they tin function together, stereoscopically. He is able to meet things at the finish of his nose. Yous can agree visual toys 20 inches from his eyes and he'll see them clearly.
> Past three months he volition be seeing objects within a distance of 10 feet, indicating that he at present has most and far vision. Return to Top >
Fixation
Non only can your baby see clearly at birth, merely he can fixate or maintain his gaze intently on an object.
At first, infant's fixation or attention span varies from 4 to 10 seconds. When interest wanes, he closes or shifts his gaze aimlessly.
The repeated sight of appropriate objects, however, will help increment your baby'southward attention span. Many parents have reported that their newborn's attention bridge increased from 10 seconds to 60 or 90 seconds after only one week of looking at black and white checkerboards for about iii minutes a day.
Because of this, fixation helps learning. If your baby fixates on 1 object, information nearly that object gets through to the cortex � the deepest role of the encephalon � which means that there is an intact pathway for stimulating the encephalon'southward growth.
Source: Dr. Ludington-Hoe, Due south., "How to Have a Smarter Baby", Runted Books, 1985, p. 74. Render to Top >
Tracking
Babies are said to be "tracking" when they try to follow appealing objects with their eyes. The more appealing the object, the more intense and prolonged the tracking. In the first two months of life tracking is difficult, but not impossible. When you use loftier-contrast designs like black and white balderdash's-optics that move slowly across your baby's visual field, he will be able to track with more ease considering of his interest in the stimulator.
Tracking helps your baby to larn where an object is in space and how it differs from its background so that he tin can achieve for it. He discovers that objects have permanence by seeing that they move, nonetheless remain the same.
Source: Dr. Ludington-Hoe, South., "How to Take a Smarter Baby", Bantam Books, 1985, p. 74. Render to Tiptop >
Scanning
A child moves his eyes from ane object to another in a serial of little jumps. He is "scanning" his choices.
When your baby scans, he learns how to come across and compare entire objects. This ability somewhen helps him to distinguish all the objects in his environment.
It takes many babies a chip of time to realize in that location'due south something to wait at. Effort to leave the object you emmet your baby to focus on within his view for at least 30 seconds � long enough for his eyes to follow and come upon it.
Source: Dr. Ludington-Hoe, S., "How to Accept a Smarter Baby", Bantam Books, 1985, p. 75. Return to Top >
Source: http://www.huggamind.com/highcontrast.php
0 Response to "Gray and White Geometric Designs for Baby Quilt"
Post a Comment